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imgtool

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library2.4.0pypypiunverified

imgtool is a Python library and command-line tool primarily designed for image signing and key management within the MCUboot ecosystem. It facilitates secure firmware updates for embedded systems by providing functionalities to generate cryptographic key pairs, extract public keys, and sign firmware images with necessary headers and trailers for bootloader verification. The library is actively maintained as a core component of the open-source MCUboot project, with releases generally aligning with MCUboot's development cycle.

pip install imgtool
INSTALL
IMPORT
SIG · IMGTOOL
I
imgtool
auth-securitypythonv2.4.0
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Install & Compatibility
Where this runs

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Code
Verified usage

This quickstart demonstrates how to generate a cryptographic key pair and then use it to sign a dummy firmware image. The `sign` command requires specific parameters (`--header-size`, `--align`, `--slot-size`) that must match your target MCUboot configuration.

# 1. Create a dummy binary image file !echo "Hello, MCUboot! This is a test image content." > my_firmware.bin # 2. Generate an ECDSA P256 key pair !imgtool keygen -k my_key.pem -t ecdsa-p256 # 3. Sign the firmware image # Note: --header-size, --align, and --slot-size are critical and depend on your MCUboot configuration # These values are examples; use values appropriate for your target system. !imgtool sign \ --key my_key.pem \ --version 1.0.0 \ --header-size 0x200 \ --align 8 \ --slot-size 0x20000 \ my_firmware.bin signed_firmware.bin print("Signed firmware created as signed_firmware.bin") print("You can inspect the key and signed image structure using 'imgtool getpub' or 'imgtool dump'")
imgtool --version
Debug
Known issues
gotchaWhen installing from the MCUboot source repository, ensure all Python dependencies are manually installed using `pip install -r scripts/requirements.txt`. Installing the `imgtool` PyPI package generally handles these dependencies automatically.
fix
Use `pip install imgtool` for simpler dependency management, or manually install dependencies from `scripts/requirements.txt` if using the script from the MCUboot source tree.
affects: All versions when using direct repository clone
breakingThe `imgtool sign` command requires several critical arguments (`--key`, `--version`, `--header-size`, `--align`, `--slot-size`) that are specific to your MCUboot and target hardware configuration. Incorrect values for these arguments can lead to unsigned images or images that are not accepted by the bootloader.
fix
Always consult your specific MCUboot build configuration (e.g., Kconfig options in Zephyr) to determine the correct values for `--header-size`, `--align`, and `--slot-size`.
affects: All versions
breakingNever use the development key pair provided with the MCUboot repository for production firmware signing. These keys are publicly known and compromise the security of your device.
fix
Always generate your own unique, strong cryptographic key pairs for production use, and protect your private keys diligently.
affects: All versions
deprecatedThe `--rsa-pkcs1-15` option for RSA signing uses an older, deprecated PKCS#1 v1.5 signing algorithm. While it might be supported by older bootloader versions, it's recommended to use more modern and secure signing schemes.
fix
Avoid using `--rsa-pkcs1-15` unless absolutely necessary for backward compatibility with older MCUboot versions. Default RSA signing without this flag uses a more robust algorithm.
affects: < 2.0 (and potentially later for compatibility)
Errors
Common errors & fixes
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'imgtool'
The `imgtool` Python package or one of its dependencies (like 'intelhex' or 'click') is not installed in your Python environment or is not accessible within the current PATH.
fix
Ensure you have the correct Python environment activated and install `imgtool` and its dependencies using pip: `pip install imgtool` or `pip install --user -r scripts/requirements.txt` if installing from the MCUboot repository.
imgtool command not found
The `imgtool` executable is not in your system's PATH, or the installation script did not correctly place it in a directory included in the PATH.
fix
If installed via pip, ensure your Python environment's script directory is in your system's PATH. If installed manually, ensure the `imgtool.py` script (or its wrapper) is placed in a directory listed in your PATH, or execute it directly using `python /path/to/imgtool.py`. For global installation, consider `sudo python3 setup.py install` or manually copying it to a system-wide bin directory.
imgtool.exe - Bad Image
This is a Windows-specific error indicating that the `imgtool.exe` executable is corrupt, missing, or incompatible with your system, often due to an incomplete download, malware, or system issues.
fix
Re-download and re-install `imgtool`. If installing via `pip` on Windows, ensure your Python installation is healthy. If using a standalone `imgtool.exe`, try obtaining a fresh copy from a reliable source. Running a Windows Update or an antivirus scan might also help resolve underlying system issues.
imgtool.py dumpinfo crash with struct.error
This error typically occurs when the `imgtool.py dumpinfo` command tries to parse an image with an unexpected or malformed structure, often with images generated by older versions of Zephyr or `imgtool`.
fix
Ensure you are using a compatible version of `imgtool` with your generated images, preferably the latest stable release. If the issue persists with images from Zephyr's latest release, check for open issues on the MCUboot GitHub repository or try regenerating the image.
Access denied (when running imgtool commands, especially for signing)
On Windows, this usually means the `imgtool` process lacks the necessary permissions to read/write files or directories, often due to user account control (UAC) or existing file locks.
fix
Run your command prompt or terminal as an administrator when executing `imgtool` commands. Alternatively, ensure the target directories and files are not read-only and are not being used by other processes. For Windows users, running `pip3 install imgtool` and then retrying with a pristine build directory is also a recommended fix.
Upgrade
Version history
2.4.0latest on PyPI · released Apr 9, 2026
Audit
Dependencies
pycryptodomerequiredRequired for cryptographic operations, including RSA and ECDSA key generation and signing.
pyasn1requiredUsed for parsing and generating ASN.1 structures, common in cryptography and certificate handling.
ecdsarequiredSpecifically for Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) operations.
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Resources
imgtool — pip install imgtool · libregistry