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grequests

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library0.7.0pypypi✓ verified 84d ago

grequests is a Python library that combines the popular `requests` library with `gevent` to enable easy asynchronous HTTP requests. It allows developers to send multiple HTTP requests concurrently, significantly reducing the time spent waiting for network I/O, particularly useful for tasks like web scraping and interacting with multiple API endpoints. The library's current version is 0.7.0, and while its release cadence is not strictly regular, it receives updates for compatibility and new features.

pip install grequests
INSTALL
IMPORT
SIG · GREQUESTS
G
grequests
http-networkingpythonv0.7.0
Install
3.1s avg
Import
722ms
Disk
35MB
Pass rate
8/ 10
Env Coverage8 / 10
glibc
3.93.13
musl
3.93.13
Install & Compatibility
Where this runs
tested against v0.7.0 · pip install
no network on importno background threads
Install × environment matrix
Each cell = how many times install + import succeeded across repeated harness runs. Partial = flaky.
glibc = Debian/Ubuntu slim · musl = Alpine Linux
musl
glibc
py 3.10
✓ —
✓ 3.5s
py 3.11
✓ —
✓ 3.15s
py 3.12
✓ —
✓ 2.95s
py 3.13
✓ —
✓ 2.9s
py 3.9
✕ build_error
✕ build_error
35MB installed
● package 35MB
Code
Verified usage

Verified import paths — ran on the pinned version, not inferred.

grequests
import grequests
import requests; import grequests
Due to gevent's monkey-patching, `grequests` (which imports `gevent`) should generally be imported before other networking libraries like `requests` to ensure proper asynchronous behavior.
grequests.map
responses = grequests.map(requests_list)
Used to send a collection of Request objects concurrently and retrieve responses.
grequests.imap
for response in grequests.imap(requests_list):
Returns a generator of responses, which can offer performance gains. Responses are not guaranteed to be in the order of the original requests.
grequests.imap_enumerated
for index, response in grequests.imap_enumerated(requests_list):
Returns a generator yielding (index, response) tuples. Unlike `imap`, it yields `None` for failed requests. Introduced in v0.7.0.

This quickstart demonstrates how to use `grequests.map` and `grequests.imap_enumerated` to send multiple GET requests concurrently. It includes a custom exception handler and sets a timeout for individual requests. `grequests.map` returns a list of responses (or `None` for failed requests) in the order of the initial requests, while `grequests.imap_enumerated` yields (index, response) tuples as responses become available, not necessarily in the original request order.

import grequests import time urls = [ 'http://httpbin.org/delay/1', 'http://httpbin.org/status/200', 'http://httpbin.org/delay/3', 'http://httpbin.org/status/500' ] def exception_handler(request, exception): print(f"Request to {request.url} failed: {exception}") start_time = time.time() # Create a list of unsent Request objects reqs = ( grequests.get(u, timeout=2) for u in urls ) # Send all requests concurrently using map # Responses will be in the same order as requests, with None for failed ones responses = grequests.map(reqs, exception_handler=exception_handler, size=5) print(f"\n--- Responses (using map, took {time.time() - start_time:.2f}s) ---") for response in responses: if response: print(f"URL: {response.url}, Status: {response.status_code}") else: print("Request failed or timed out.") print("\n--- Responses (using imap_enumerated) ---") # imap_enumerated yields (index, response) and includes Nones for failures reqs_for_imap_enumerated = ( grequests.get(u, timeout=2) for u in urls ) for index, response in grequests.imap_enumerated(reqs_for_imap_enumerated, exception_handler=exception_handler, size=5): if response: print(f"Index: {index}, URL: {response.url}, Status: {response.status_code}") else: print(f"Index: {index}, Request failed or timed out.")
Debug
Known issues
gotchaImport `grequests` (and thus `gevent`) before `requests` or other networking libraries that might conflict with `gevent`'s monkey-patching. Incorrect import order can lead to unexpected blocking behavior or errors.
fix
Ensure `import grequests` is placed at the very beginning of your script or module, before any other imports that perform I/O operations.
affects: All versions
gotchaWhen using `grequests.map()`, failed requests (e.g., due to timeouts or connection errors) will result in `None` being present in the returned list of responses. You must explicitly handle these `None` values.
fix
Iterate through the results and check if each `response` object is `None` before attempting to access its attributes (e.g., `if response: print(response.status_code)`). Consider using an `exception_handler` with `grequests.map` for more granular error reporting.
affects: All versions
gotcha`grequests.imap()` returns a generator of responses, and the order in which responses are yielded is arbitrary; it does not correspond to the order of the input requests. This differs from `grequests.map()` which maintains order.
fix
If response order is critical, use `grequests.map()`. If processing responses as they arrive is sufficient and order is not important, `grequests.imap()` can be more performant. If you need the original index with `imap`-like behavior, use `grequests.imap_enumerated` (v0.7.0+), but note its `None` handling.
affects: All versions
gotchaMaking a large number of concurrent requests without controlling the pool size (`size` parameter) can lead to 'Too many open files' errors, rate limiting by target servers, or servers closing connections prematurely.
fix
Use the `size` parameter in `grequests.map()` or `grequests.imap()` to limit the number of concurrent requests being made (e.g., `grequests.map(reqs, size=10)`). Adjust this value based on your system's capabilities and the target server's limitations.
affects: All versions
breakingThe behavior of `grequests.imap` changed in version 0.4.0. While not explicitly detailed as a breaking change in releases, 'behavior changes' suggest that code relying on previous `imap` functionality might need adjustments.
fix
Review code using `grequests.imap` and test its behavior against version 0.4.0 or later to ensure it functions as expected. Refer to GitHub issue #111 if possible for specifics.
affects: 0.4.0 and later
deprecatedThe underlying `gevent` library has deprecated and removed support for older Python versions (e.g., Python 2.7, 3.6, and soon 3.9). While `grequests` itself doesn't always specify Python requirements, its compatibility is bound by `gevent`'s support.
fix
Upgrade to Python 3.7+ and ensure your `gevent` installation is compatible with your Python version. Consult `gevent`'s documentation for its specific Python compatibility matrix.
affects: May affect users on older Python environments, especially with newer `grequests`/`gevent` versions.
Errors
Common errors & fixes
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'grequests'
The `grequests` library is not installed in the Python environment where the code is being run, or the incorrect Python interpreter is being used.
fix
Install the library using pip: `pip install grequests` or `python -m pip install grequests`. Ensure you are running your code with the Python interpreter where `grequests` was installed.
AttributeError: 'AsyncRequest' object has no attribute 'text'
This error occurs when attempting to access attributes like `.text`, `.status_code`, or `.json()` on the `AsyncRequest` object returned by `grequests.get()` or `grequests.post()` *before* the requests have actually been sent and processed by `grequests.map()` or `grequests.imap()`. The `AsyncRequest` object is a placeholder for a request that has not yet completed.
fix
Call `grequests.map()` or `grequests.imap()` on the list of `AsyncRequest` objects to send them and get a list of actual `Response` objects. Then iterate over the results of `map`/`imap` to access response attributes. 
```python
import grequests

urls = [
    'http://httpbin.org/status/200',
    'http://httpbin.org/status/201'
]

rs = (grequests.get(u) for u in urls)
responses = grequests.map(rs) # Send the requests and get Response objects

for response in responses:
    if response:
        print(response.status_code)
        print(response.text)
    else:
        print("Request failed or returned None")
```
TypeError: object of type 'NoneType' has no len()
This typically happens when `grequests.map()` or `grequests.imap()` returns `None` for a request that failed (e.g., due to a timeout or connection error), and the code attempts to call `len()` or access attributes on that `None` object without prior checking.
fix
Always check if the `response` object is not `None` after `grequests.map()` or `grequests.imap()` returns the results, especially when iterating or accessing attributes.
```python
import grequests

urls = [
    'http://httpbin.org/status/200',
    'http://nonexistent-domain-xyz.com' # This might fail
]

rs = (grequests.get(u) for u in urls)
responses = grequests.map(rs, exception_handler=lambda request, exception: None) # Handle exceptions by returning None

for response in responses:
    if response is not None: # Crucial check for NoneType
        print(f"Status: {response.status_code}")
    else:
        print("Request failed.")
```
MonkeyPatchWarning: Monkey-patching ssl after ssl has already been imported may lead to errors
`grequests` relies on `gevent` for monkey patching standard library modules like `ssl` and `socket` to enable asynchronous operations. This warning occurs when `gevent.monkey.patch_all()` is called *after* another module that uses the unpatched `ssl` (or other) module has already been imported, leading to potential inconsistencies or errors like `RecursionError`.
fix
Ensure that `gevent.monkey.patch_all()` is called as early as possible in your application's entry point, preferably before any other modules that might use blocking I/O (including `requests` if imported directly before `grequests`).
```python
from gevent import monkey
monkey.patch_all() # Should be at the very top of your script

import grequests
# ... rest of your code
```
gevent.hub.LoopExit: This operation would block forever
This error from `gevent` indicates that the event loop has no other 'greenlets' (lightweight threads) to switch to when a greenlet attempts a blocking operation (like waiting for I/O) that hasn't been properly monkey-patched. This often happens if `gevent.monkey.patch_all()` wasn't called or wasn't comprehensive enough, or if the program's logic leads to all active greenlets blocking indefinitely without another to take over.
fix
Ensure `gevent.monkey.patch_all()` is called at the very beginning of your application. If specific modules are causing issues, you might need to explicitly patch them (e.g., `monkey.patch_all(ssl=True, socket=True, select=True)`). Also, verify that all I/O operations are indeed non-blocking or handled by `gevent`-compatible libraries, and avoid infinite blocking loops in your greenlets without yielding control. For `grequests.map`, increasing the `size` parameter (pool size) can sometimes help by providing more workers.
Upgrade
Version history
0.7.0latest on PyPI · released Jun 8, 2023
Audit
Dependencies
requestsrequiredCore HTTP client functionality that grequests extends.
geventrequiredProvides the coroutine-based concurrency model (greenlets) for asynchronous operations.
Agent activity
6 hits · last 30 days
node
6
Resources