gradio

library6.10.0pypypiunverified

Python library for building ML demo web apps. Current version is 6.10.0 (Mar 2026). Requires Python >=3.10. Three major breaking version bumps in rapid succession (3→4→5→6). The most common LLM footgun: gr.update() was removed in 4.0 — return component instances directly. Chatbot tuple format removed in 6.0 — must use messages dict format. LLMs trained before 2024 generate 3.x patterns that fail on 6.x.

web-framework ai-ml llm-agents

pip install gradio

github ↗package ↗homepage ↗

Install & Compatibility

Where this runs

tested against v6.17.3 · pip install

no network on importno background threads

Install × environment matrix

Each cell = how many times install + import succeeded across repeated harness runs. Partial = flaky.
glibc = Debian/Ubuntu slim · musl = Alpine Linux

musl

glibc

py 3.10

✓ —

✓ 17.03s

py 3.11

✓ —

✓ 16.23s

py 3.12

✓ —

✓ 14.7s

py 3.13

✓ —

✓ 14.77s

py 3.9

3/5 runs

382MB installed

● package 382MB

Code

Verified usage

Verified import paths — ran on the pinned version, not inferred.

gr.Interface

✓ import gradio as gr # Simple Interface (gr.update() is gone — return values directly) def greet(name, intensity): return 'Hello, ' + name + '!' * intensity demo = gr.Interface( fn=greet, inputs=[gr.Textbox(label='Name'), gr.Slider(1, 10, value=3)], outputs=gr.Textbox(label='Greeting') ) demo.launch()

✗ # gr.update() removed in 4.0 — AttributeError in 4.x+: def update_textbox(text): return gr.update(value=text, visible=True) # AttributeError # Also wrong — old tuple chatbot format removed in 6.0: chatbot = gr.Chatbot(value=[['Hello', 'Hi there!']]) # breaks in 6.0

gr.update() was removed in Gradio 4.0. Return component instances directly: return gr.Textbox(value='text', visible=True). Chatbot messages must use dict format in 6.0+: [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'Hello'}]

6.x API. Use type='messages' for gr.Chatbot. Return component instances, not gr.update().

import gradio as gr # Simple Interface def classify_text(text): return {'positive': 0.8, 'negative': 0.2} gr.Interface( fn=classify_text, inputs=gr.Textbox(label='Input Text'), outputs=gr.Label(label='Sentiment') ).launch() # Blocks API (more flexible) def chat(message, history): # history is list of dicts: [{role, content}, ...] response = f'Echo: {message}' return response with gr.Blocks() as demo: gr.Markdown('# My Chatbot') chatbot = gr.Chatbot(type='messages') # dict format required in 6.0 msg = gr.Textbox(label='Message') btn = gr.Button('Send') def respond(message, history): history.append({'role': 'user', 'content': message}) history.append({'role': 'assistant', 'content': f'Echo: {message}'}) return '', history btn.click(respond, [msg, chatbot], [msg, chatbot]) demo.launch(share=True)

gradio --version

Debug

Known issues

breakinggr.update() was removed in Gradio 4.0. The entire pattern of returning gr.Textbox.update(value='x') or gr.update(visible=True) raises AttributeError. This is the #1 footgun from LLM-generated code using old Gradio docs.

fix

Return a component instance directly: return gr.Textbox(value='text', visible=True). For multiple outputs, return a tuple: return gr.Textbox(value='text'), gr.Button(visible=False)

affects: >= 4.0

breakingChatbot tuple format ([['user', 'assistant'], ...]) removed in Gradio 6.0. gr.Chatbot() and gr.ChatInterface() now require dict messages format: [{'role': 'user', 'content': '...'}, {'role': 'assistant', 'content': '...'}]

fix

Use type='messages' in gr.Chatbot(type='messages'). Format history as: [{'role': 'user', 'content': msg}, {'role': 'assistant', 'content': response}]

affects: >= 6.0

breakingtheme= parameter removed from gr.Blocks() in Gradio 6.0. TypeError: BlockContext.__init__() got an unexpected keyword argument 'theme'. Breaks all apps using gr.Blocks(theme=gr.themes.Soft()).

fix

Pass theme at the app level instead: demo = gr.Blocks(); demo.theme = gr.themes.Soft(). Or use theme in gr.Interface(theme=...).

affects: >= 6.0

breakingconcurrency_count parameter removed in Gradio 4.0. Per-event concurrency_limit replaced it. queue=False also removed — use concurrency_limit=None instead.

fix

Replace: demo.queue(concurrency_count=5) with per-event: btn.click(fn, ..., concurrency_limit=5). For unlimited: concurrency_limit=None.

affects: >= 4.0

breakingIn Gradio 5.0+, functions can only return files in the current working directory or temp directory. Returning absolute paths to arbitrary system files is blocked for security.

fix

Save output files to tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() or the current working directory. Return the path from tempfile.

affects: >= 5.0

gotchaPython 3.10 is now the minimum. Running Gradio on Python 3.9 may lead to dependency conflicts, such as `ImportError: cannot import name 'HfFolder' from 'huggingface_hub'`, as newer Gradio versions and their dependencies are designed for Python 3.10+.

fix

Upgrade to Python 3.10+. Pin gradio<5.0 for Python 3.9 environments.

affects: >= 5.0

gotchaLLMs (including ChatGPT and Copilot) frequently generate Gradio 3.x code with gr.update() and tuple chatbot format that fails on 6.x. Always verify which Gradio version the generated code targets.

fix

When using AI to generate Gradio code, explicitly prompt: 'Use Gradio 6.x API — no gr.update(), use messages dict format for Chatbot.'

affects: all

Upgrade

Version history

6.17.3latest on PyPI

Audit

Dependencies

fastapirequiredRequired. Web server backend. Installed automatically.

pydantic>=2.0requiredRequired. Installed automatically.

httpxrequiredRequired. Installed automatically.

Agent activity

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Resources

githubhttps://github.com/gradio-app/gradio ↗

packagehttps://pypi.org/project/gradio/ ↗

homepagehttps://www.gradio.app ↗